
How Should Istanbul Earthquake Probabilities Be Read?
Interpreting published Marmara percentages in the context of time, models, and uncertainty.
JeoKesitExplore comprehensive, referenced and practical articles on geology.

Interpreting published Marmara percentages in the context of time, models, and uncertainty.

City-scale integration of geology, amplification, liquefaction, and mass movement.

Interacting earthquake-related ground and marine hazards along Istanbul's coast.

How age, structural system, irregularity, and field evidence shape city risk.

Interdependencies among energy, water, transport, communications, and health systems.

Continuity, disaster justice, and measurable recovery objectives.

An integrated roadmap prioritizing building safety, household planning, and institutional continuity.

An academic review of the Unified Soil Classification System through particle size, plasticity and group symbols.

Deriving soil gradation curves, characteristic diameters and engineering interpretation of test results.

Technical interpretation of liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and derived consistency indicators.

The role of the dry-density–water-content relationship in fill design and field control.

Scientific basis of field density, moisture, test frequency and acceptance evaluation.